{"id":23670,"date":"2021-08-14T06:05:05","date_gmt":"2021-08-14T03:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/learnenglish100.com\/grammar\/?p=23670"},"modified":"2021-08-04T16:19:43","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:19:43","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/learnenglish100.com\/grammar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Auxiliary Verbs in English)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u061f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 pdf \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a: be \u2013 do \u2013 have<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 Verb to Be<\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 auxiliary verb<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n

1- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (am, is, are) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (was, were) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631(be).
\n.She is reading a story
\n\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.
\n.She was reading a story
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.
\n.She will be reading a story
\n\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

2- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (am, is, are) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (was, were).
\n.A story is read
\n\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.
\n.A story was read
\n\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

3- \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 linking verb: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n

.Reem is fond of classical music
\n\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 “is” \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 “Reem” \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 Do:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f do \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646:
\n1- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (do, does):<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (personal pronouns) \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (subject-verb agreement)<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 “not” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:
\nI, you, we, they + do + not
\n.I don\u2019t like meat
\n\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645.
\nHe, she, it + does + not
\n.He doesn\u2019t like meat
\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645.
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 “s-” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (he, she, it)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 (Yes or No Questions) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:
\n?Do you like meat
\n.Yes, I do
\nOr
\n.No, I don\u2019t
\n?Does she like meat
\n.Yes, she does
\nOr
\n.No, she doesn\u2019t<\/p>\n

2- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (did)<\/strong>
\n\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f “did” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.
\n.He didn\u2019t play football
\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645.
\n?Did he play football
\n.Yes, he did
\nOr
\n.No, he didn\u2019t
\n\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a play \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 base form \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a (s, -ed, -ing-) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:
\nSubject + didn\u2019t + base form
\nDid + subject + base form<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f Have<\/strong>:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f “do”\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 “have” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 “have” \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b past participle.<\/p>\n

1- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>
\n.Samer has eaten lunch
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

.I have eaten lunch
\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

2- \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>
\n.Samer had eaten lunch
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

.I had eaten lunch
\n\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0651\u0642.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Auxiliary Verbs in English)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0647. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u061f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 pdf \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a … \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":29685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[214],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 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